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Partial violation of the second law of thermodynamics in a quantum system known as Hofstadter lattice

An apparent macroscopic violation of the second law of thermodynamics in a quantum system has been discovered by researchers at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) and the Center for Computational Simulation (CCS). This partial violation has no place within the framework of classical physics. These results may lead to new and unexpected applications in the development of quantum technologies, such as quantum simulators or quantum memories that are more stable and operate under realistic conditions subject to thermal fluctuations.

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