Morphological estimators on Sunyaev-Zel’dovich maps of MUSIC clusters of galaxies

The determination of the morphology of galaxy clusters has important repercussions for cosmological and astrophysical studies of them. In this paper, we address the morphological characterization of synthetic maps of the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect for a sample of 258 massive clusters (M_vir > 5 × 10¹⁴ h⁻¹ M_⊙ at z = 0), extracted from the MUSIC hydrodynamical simulations. Specifically, we use five known morphological parameters (which are already used in X-ray) and two newly introduced ones, and we combine them in a single parameter. We analyse two sets of simulations obtained with different prescriptions of the gas physics (non-radiative and with cooling, star formation and stellar feedback) at four red shifts between 0.43 and 0.82. For each parameter, we test its stability and efficiency in discriminating the true cluster dynamical state, measured by theoretical indicators. The combined parameter is more efficient at discriminating between relaxed and disturbed clusters. This parameter had a mild correlation with the hydrostatic mass (∼0.3) and a strong correlation (∼0.8) with the offset between the SZ centroid and the cluster centre of mass. The latter quantity is, thus, the most accessible and efficient indicator of the dynamical state for SZ studies.